Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Cellular diversity of the developing chick trigeminal ganglion at single-cell resolution

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.01.702869

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Whole mount confocal maximum intensity projection of HH17 chick embryo stained with DAPI. Trigeminal ganglia (outlined and highlighted in magenta) were dissected for single-cell RNA-sequencing. ( B ) Whole mount confocal maximum intensity projection of a developing trigeminal ganglion at HH17, immunostained for SOX10 ( B’ ; magenta), ISL1 ( B’’ ; cyan), and NEFM (yellow). OpV, ophthalmic branch; MmV, maxillomandibular branch. Scale bar, 50 µm. ( C ) UMAP plots, split by sample, display 14 clusters identified in each sample. Total cell counts per sample are indicated on each plot. ( D ) Heatmap of top five differentially expressed marker genes across each cluster.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies were used to label NEFM (Thermo Cat# 13-0700; 1:200), SOX10 (Sigma Cat# HPA068898; 1:500), and ISL1 (DSHB Cat# 40.2D6, concentrate; 1:500).

Techniques: Staining, Single Cell, RNA Sequencing, Marker

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Cellular diversity of the developing chick trigeminal ganglion at single-cell resolution

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.01.702869

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) UMAP representing combined data from all four single-cell RNA-seq samples, depicting manually-annotated clusters based on known marker gene expression. Seven major clusters were identified: immune cells, fibroblast cells, placodal cells, neural crest cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and erythrocytes. ( B ) Dot plot depicting expression levels of marker genes for each manually-annotated cluster. ( C ) Feature plot of Cdh5 expression, which is enriched in the endothelial cell cluster. ( D-E ) Whole mount confocal average intensity projection ( D ) and single Z plane ( E ) through ( D ) of a developing trigeminal ganglion at HH17, processed using HCR to visualize Sox10 (magenta), Isl1 (cyan), and Cdh5 (yellow). Box in ( D ) indicates zoomed region in ( E ). ( F ) Feature plot of Ptprc expression, which is enriched in the immune cell cluster. ( G-H ) Whole mount confocal average intensity projection ( G ) and single Z plane ( H ) through ( G ) of a developing trigeminal ganglion at HH17, processed using HCR to visualize Sox10 (magenta), Isl1 (cyan), and Ptprc (yellow). Box in ( G ) indicates zoomed region in ( H ). Orthogonal projection in the YZ plane of ( G ) is displayed in ( G’ ). Scale bar, 50 µm.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies were used to label NEFM (Thermo Cat# 13-0700; 1:200), SOX10 (Sigma Cat# HPA068898; 1:500), and ISL1 (DSHB Cat# 40.2D6, concentrate; 1:500).

Techniques: Single Cell, RNA Sequencing, Marker, Gene Expression, Expressing

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Cellular diversity of the developing chick trigeminal ganglion at single-cell resolution

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.01.702869

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Feature plots of Isl1 , Sox10 , Nefm , and Elavl4 expression in HH17 trigeminal ganglion data. ( B ) Feature plot of Fabp7 expression, an early marker for Schwann cell precursors. ( C-D ) Whole mount confocal average intensity projection ( C ) and single Z plane ( D ) through ( C ) of a developing trigeminal ganglion at HH17, processed using HCR to visualize Sox10 (magenta), Isl1 (cyan), and Fabp7 (yellow). Box in ( C ) indicates zoomed region in ( D ). Fabp7 expression overlaps with a subset of Sox10 + cells ( D’’ ), but not Isl1 + cells ( D’’’ ). Scale bar, 50 µm.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies were used to label NEFM (Thermo Cat# 13-0700; 1:200), SOX10 (Sigma Cat# HPA068898; 1:500), and ISL1 (DSHB Cat# 40.2D6, concentrate; 1:500).

Techniques: Expressing, Marker